نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، رشتۀ مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
2 استاد، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
3 استادیار گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکدۀ مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکدۀ اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
چکیده
هدف پژوهش حاضر، ترکیب نتایج پژوهشهای کمّی در حوزۀ روابط کارمند ـ سازمان بود. در این پژوهش، سازۀ "روابط کارمند ـ سازمان" به عنوان یک متغیر با ابعاد رضایت، اعتماد، تعهد و کنترل متقابل در نظر گرفته شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش، مطالعات نمایه شده در پایگاه اسکوپوس در بازۀ زمانی 2014-2023 بود. با استفاده از پروتکل تعریف شده، در نهایت 41 فرضیه از 26 مطالعه برای نمونه انتخاب شد. دادههای مستخرج از مطالعات منتخب، با روش فراتحلیل ارزیابی شد. با شناسایی مهمترین پیشایندهای مرتبط با این سازه، اندازۀ اثر هر یک از پیشایندهای متغیر "روابط کارمند ـ سازمان" و اندازۀ اثرکلی آنها، اندازهگیری شد. بر طبق نتایج پژوهش، پیشایندهای متغیر "روابط کارمند ـ سازمان" به ترتیب عبارتند از: ارتباطات متقارن، ارتباطات شفاف، ارتباطات رضایتبخش، رهبری توانمندساز، رهبری اصیل و ارتباطات دیالوژیک با اندازۀ اثر شدید؛ عدالت سازمانی، ارتباطات اصیل، ارتباطات پاسخگویانه و رهبری تحولآفرین با اندازۀ اثر متوسط؛ و ساختار شخصیت سازمان با اندازۀ اثر ضعیف. اندازۀ اثر کلی تمامی پیشایندها در مدل اندازۀ اثر ثابت و اندازۀ اثر تصادفی به ترتیب عبارت است از: 629/0 و 626/0 که بیانگر اندازۀ اثر قوی پیشایندهای شناسایی شده برای ایجاد روابط کارمند ـ سازمان مطلوب در سازمان است.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Meta-Analysis of Researches on "Employee-Organization Relationship" and Its Antecedents
نویسندگان [English]
- Fatemeh Alavi Matin 1
- Abbasli Rastgar 2
- Hasan Abedijafari 3
- Mohsen Shafiei Nikabadi 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Faculty pf Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Business Management, School of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده [English]
The aim of present study was to combine the results of quantitative researches in the field of employee-organization relationship. In this research, the structure of "employee-organization relationship" was considered as a variable with dimensions of satisfaction, trust, commitment and mutual control. The statistical population of the research was the studies indexed in the Scopus database in the period of 2014-2023. Using the defined protocol, finally 41 hypotheses from 26 studies were selected for the sample. Data extracted from selected studies were evaluated by meta-analysis method. By identifying the most important antecedents related to this structure, the effect size of each antecedents and their overall effect size were measured. According to research results, the antecedents of "employee-organization relationship" variable are respectively: symmetrical communication, transparent communication, communication satisfaction, empowering leadership, authentic leadership, and dialogic communication with strong effect size; organizational justice, communication authenticity, communication responsiveness, and transformational leadership with medium effect size; and the organization character construct with weak effect size. The overall effect size of all antecedents in the model of fixed effect size and random effect size is: 0.629 and 0.626 respectively, that shows the strong effect of the antecedents identified to create favorable employee-organization relationship in the organization.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- "employee-organization relationship"
- "organization-employee relationship"
- "person-organization relationship"
- "meta-analysis"
- "systematic review"
- پناهی، بلال. فراتحلیل پیشایندها و پیامدهای پدیدۀ سکوت سازمانی در ایران. (1398). مطالعات مدیریت بهبود و تحول، 28(94)، 85-107. https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2020.44489.3373
- توکلی، غلامرضا؛ محمد ظاهری، محمد؛ و آقازادۀ حبشی، جواد. (1401). چارچوبی برای پایداری رابطه میان فرد و سازمان. مطالعات مدیریت بهبود و تحول، 31(104)، 95-122. https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2022.65764.4083
- خامهچی، حامد؛ خیراندیش، مهدی؛ حسنپور، اکبر؛ و وکیلی، یوسف. (1399). فراتحلیل پیشایندها و پیامدهای توازن کار ـ زندگی. مطالعات مدیریت بهبود و تحول، 29(97)، 135-162. https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2020.48096.3469
- رضازاده، فاطمه؛ سید نقوی، میرعلی؛ الوانی، سیدمهدی؛ و حسین پور، داوود. (1401). تحلیل و پیشبینی آینده رابطه کارمند و سازمان (یک مرور نظاممند ادبیات). پژوهشهای مدیریت منابع سازمانی، 12(1)، 81-106. http://ormr.modares.ac.ir/article-28-57409-fa.html
- عسگرنژاد نوری، باقر؛ و میرموسوی، معصومه. (1400). فراتحلیل شاخصهای کلیدی مدیریت منابع انسانی مؤثر بر بهبود عملکرد کارکنان. مطالعات مدیریت بهبود و تحول، 30(101)، 123-158. https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2021.49482.3522
- قاسمی بنابری، حمیدرضا؛ فروزندۀ دهکردی، لطفاله؛ و داناییفرد، حسن؛ و خائف الهی، احمدعلی. (1401). طراحی مدل کیفیت روابط مدیر ـ کارمند در سازمانهای دولتی ایران. پژوهشهای مدیریت منابع سازمانی، 12(3)، 129-151. http://ormr.modares.ac.ir/article-28-59349-fa.html
- قاسمی بنابری، حمیدرضا؛ فروزندۀ دهکردی، لطفاله؛ و داناییفرد، حسن؛ و خائف الهی، احمدعلی. (1398). واکاوی ابعاد کیفیت روابط مدیر ـ کارمند در سازمانهای دولتی ایران: طراحی یک سنجۀ پژوهشی. مطالعات رفتار سازمانی، 8(1)، 75-100.
- قربانیزاده، وجهالله. (1397). روش تحقیق فراتحلیل با نرمافزار CMA2. انتشارات بازتاب. (چاپ چهارم)
- قربانیزاده، وجهالله؛ زمانی، ناهید؛ سید نقوی، میرعلی؛ و واعظی، رضا. (1401). فراتحلیل پیامدهای مسئولیت اجتماعی در سازمانهای ایرانی. پژوهشهای مدیریت عمومی، 15(57)، 31-58. https://doi.org/10.22111/jmr.2022.40000.5611
- همایونیراد، محمد حسین؛ و لگزیان، محمد. (1394). تأثیر روابط کارمند ـ سازمان بر رفتار شهروندی سازمانی با نقش تعدیلگری استقلال شغلی. پژوهشنامۀ مدیریت تحول، 7(13)، 70-95. https://doi.org/10.22067/pmt.v7i13.34114
- Albro, M., & McElfresh, J. M. (2021). Job engagement and employee-organization relationship among academic librarians in a modified work environment. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(5), 102413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102413
- Andreu Perez, L., Kim, N., Martino, V., & Lee, S. (2022). Constructive Roles of Organizational Two-Way Symmetrical Communication: Workplace Pseudo-Information Gatekeeping. American Behavioral Scientist, 00027642221118294.* https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221118294
- Aryee, S., Sun, L. Y. & Zhou, Q. (2009, August). Employee-organization relationship, psychological ownership and contextual performance: A social exchange perspective. In Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 2009, No. 1, pp. 1-6). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2009.44243036
- Che, Y., Zhu, J., & Huang, H. (2022). How Does Employee–Organization Relationship Affect Work Engagement and Work Well-Being of Knowledge-Based Employees?. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814324
- Coyle-Shapiro, J. A., & Shore, L. M. (2007). The employee–organization relationship: Where do we go from here?. Human resource management review, 17(2), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.03.008
- Eisenberger, R., Rockstuhl, T., Shoss, M. K., Wen, X., & Dulebohn, J. (2019). Is the employee–organization relationship dying or thriving? A temporal meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(8), 1036-1057. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000390
- Field, A. P., & Gillett, R. (2010). How to do a meta‐analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 63(3), 665-694. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711010X502733
- Hom, P. W., Tsui, A. S., Wu, J. B., Lee, T. W., Zhang, A. Y., Fu, P. P., & Li, L. (2009). Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness. Journal of Applied psychology, 94(2), 277. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013453
- Hon, L., & Grunig, J. E. (1999). Guidelines for measuring relationships in public relations. Retrieved from Gainesville, FL: Institute for Public Relations Research, University of Florida.
- Iswanto, A. H., & Marzuki, F. (2020). Can Corporate Character Dimensions Act as Bridge between Leader-Member Exchange and Employee Organization Relationship: An Empirical Study of Indonesian Pharmaceutical Firms. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(2), 535-544. *
- Jin, J., & Men, L. R. (2023). How avoidant leadership style turns employees into adversaries: The impact of laissez-faire leadership on employee-organization relationships and employee communicative behavior. International Journal of Business Communication, 23294884231190397. * https://doi.org/10.1177/23294884231190397
- Kang, M., Lee, E., Kim, Y., & Yang, S. U. (2023). A Test of a Dual Model of Positive and Negative EORs: Dialogic Employee Communication Perceptions Related to Employee-Organization Relationships and Employee Megaphoning Intentions. Journal of Public Relations Research, 1-27. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2023.2194025
- Kang, M., & Sung, M. (2017). How symmetrical employee communication leads to employee engagement and positive employee communication behaviors: The mediation of employee-organization relationships. Journal of Communication Management, 21(1), 82-102.* https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-04-2016-0026
- Kang, M., & Sung, M. (2019). To leave or not to leave: the effects of perceptions of organizational justice on employee turnover intention via employee-organization relationship and employee job engagement. Journal of Public Relations Research, 31(5-6), 152-175. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2019.1680988
- Kim, H. S. (2007). A multilevel study of antecedents and a mediator of employee-organization relationships. Journal of Public Relations Research, 19(2), 167-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/10627260701290695
- Kim, K. H., & Lee, Y. (2021). Employees’ communicative behaviors in response to emotional exhaustion: the moderating role of transparent communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 15(5), 410-424. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2021.1967959
- Kim, S., Tam, L., Kim, J. N., & Rhee, Y. (2017). Determinants of employee turnover intention: Understanding the roles of organizational justice, supervisory justice, authoritarian organizational culture and organization-employee relationship quality. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 22(3), 308-328. * https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-11-2016-0074
- Kim, Y. (2021). Building organizational resilience through strategic internal communication and organization–employee relationships. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 49(5), 589-608.* https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2021.1910856
- Lee, Y. (2020). A situational perspective on employee communicative behaviors in a crisis: The role of relationship and symmetrical communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 14(2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2020.1720691
- Lee, Y. (2022). Dynamics of symmetrical communication within organizations: The impacts of channel usage of CEO, managers, and peers. International Journal of Business Communication, 59(1), 3-21. *
- Lee, Y., & Kim, J. (2022). How Family-Supportive Leadership Communication Enhances the Creativity of Work-From-Home Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Management Communication Quarterly, 08933189221144997. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488418803661
- Lee, Y., & Kim, K. H. (2020). De-motivating employees’ negative communication behaviors on anonymous social media: The role of public relations. Public Relations Review, 46(4), 101955. * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101955
- Lee, Y., & Kim, K. H. (2021). Enhancing employee advocacy on social media: the value of internal relationship management approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 26(2), 311-327. * https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-05-2020-0088
- Lee, Y., & Li, J. Y. Q. (2020). The value of internal communication in enhancing employees’ health information disclosure intentions in the workplace. Public relations review, 46(1), 101872. * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101872
- Lee, Y., Li, J. Y. Q., & Tsai, W. H. S. (2021). The role of strategic internal communication in workplace discrimination: A perspective of racial minority employees. International journal of strategic communication, 15(1), 37-59. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2020.1855591
- Lee, Y., Mazzei, A., & Kim, J. N. (2018). Looking for motivational routes for employee-generated innovation: Employees' scouting behavior. Journal of Business Research, 91, 286-294. * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.06.022
- Lei, C., Hossain, M. S., Mostafiz, M. I., & Khalifa, G. S. (2021). Factors determining employee career success in the Chinese hotel industry: A perspective of Job-Demand Resources theory. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 301-311. * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.07.001
- Li, J. Y., Sun, R., Tao, W., & Lee, Y. (2021). Employee coping with organizational change in the face of a pandemic: The role of transparent internal communication. Public Relations Review, 47(1), 101984. * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101984
- Luo, Y., Zhang, Z., Chen, Q., Zhang, K., Wang, Y., & Peng, J. (2022). Humble leadership and its outcomes: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 980322. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980322
- Ma, X., Ma, L., & Liu, B. F. (2023). Should relationships be at the heart of public relations? A meta-analysis of the antecedents and consequences of organization-public relationships. Public Relations Review, 49(5), 102388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2023.102388
- Masterson, S. S., & Stamper, C. L. (2003). Perceived organizational membership: An aggregate framework representing the employee–organization relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), 473-490. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/job.203
- Men, L. R. (2014). Why leadership matters to internal communication: Linking transformational leadership, symmetrical communication, and employee outcomes. Journal of public relations research, 26(3), 256-279. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.908719
- Men, L. R. (2015). The internal communication role of the chief executive officer: Communication channels, style, and effectiveness. Public Relations Review, 41(4), 461-471. * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2015.06.021
- Men, L. R. (2021). The impact of startup CEO communication on employee relational and behavioral outcomes: Responsiveness, assertiveness, and authenticity. Public Relations Review, 47(4), 102078. * https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102078
- Men, L. R., & Jiang, H. (2016). Cultivating quality employee-organization relationships: The interplay among organizational leadership, culture, and communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 10(5), 462-479. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2016.1226172
- Men, L. R., & Stacks, D. (2014). The effects of authentic leadership on strategic internal communication and employee-organization relationships. Journal of public relations research, 26(4), 301-324. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.908720
- Men, L. R., & Sung, Y. (2022). Shaping corporate character through symmetrical communication: The effects on employee-organization relationships. International journal of business communication, 59(3), 427-449. *https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488418824989
- Mir, A., Mir, R., & Mosca, J. B. (2002). The new age employee: An exploration of changing employee-organization relations. Public personnel management, 31(2), 187-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102600203100205
- Park, S. H., Kim, J. N., & Krishna, A. (2014). Bottom-up building of an innovative organization: Motivating employee intrapreneurship and scouting and their strategic value. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(4), 531-560. * https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318914541667
- Sass, J. S., & Canary, D. J. (1991). Organizational commitment and identification: An examination of conceptual and operational convergence. Western Journal of Communication (includes Communication Reports), 55(3), 275-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570319109374385
- Shen, H. (2011). Organization-employee relationship maintenance strategies: A new measuring instrument. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 88(2), 398-415. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769901108800210
- Shi, L., & Lin, L. (2019). The trim-and-fill method for publication bias: practical guidelines and recommendations based on a large database of meta-analyses. Medicine, 98(23). https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000015987
- Shore, L. M., & Coyle‐Shapiro, J. A. M. (2003). Editorial: New developments in the employee–organization relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 24(5), 443-450. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/job.212
- Shore, L. M., Tetrick, L. E., Taylor, M. S., Coyle Shapiro, J. A. M., Liden, R. C., McLean Parks, J., ... & Van Dyne, L. (2004). The employee-organization relationship: A timely concept in a period of transition. In Research in personnel and human resources management( 23), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, pp. 291-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-7301(04)23007-9
- Thelen, P. D. (2021). Leadership and internal communication: Linking servant leadership, communication satisfaction, and employee advocacy. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 15(5), 440-462. * https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2021.1984919
- Tran, M. D., Hoang, T. K. Q., & Nguyen, P. N. (2021). How does authentic leadership influence employee–organization relationship? The mediating role of symmetrical internal communication. In Recent developments in Vietnamese business and Finance(pp. 315-336). * https://doi.org/10.1142/9789811227158_0014
- Wang, Y. (2023). Exploring the effect of organization–employee relationships on employee communication behaviors on social media: The moderating role of position level. Psychology of Popular Media, 12(3), 344–353. * https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/ppm0000407
- Waymer, D., & Ni, L. (2009). Connecting organizations and their employee publics: The rhetorical analysis of employee–organization relationships (EOR). In Rhetorical and Critical Approaches to Public Relations II. New York: Routledge, 216-232.
- Yu, M. C., Mai, Q., Tsai, S. B., & Dai, Y. (2018). An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 10(3), 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030864
- Yue, C. A., Thelen, P. D., & Walden, J. (2023). How empathetic leadership communication mitigates employees' turnover intention during COVID-19-related organizational change. Management Decision, 61(5), 1413-1433. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2022-0011
- Zheng, A. H., & MacCann, C. (2023). Happiness is associated with higher narcissism but lower psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between happiness and the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 215, 112381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112381