نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت رفتارسازمانی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش، تعیین تأثیر حساسیت محیطی بر رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی کارکنان با توجه به میانجی‌گری تلنگرهای مقایسه‌ی اجتماعی و سبز است. پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و از نوع توصیفی و با روش پیمایشی انجام شد. نمونه-آماری پژوهش 189 نفر از کارکنان سازمان محیط زیست استان سمنان است که به روش تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای تحلیل داده ها، روش حداقل مربعات جزئی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. بررسی‌ها نشان داد که ابزار اندازه‌گیری از روایی مناسبی برخوردار بوده و ضریب پایایی آن برای تمام سازه‌های پژوهش، بیشتر از 7/0 می‌باشد. ‌ یافته‌ها، حاکی از آن است که حساسیت محیطی تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی کارکنان دارد. همچنین متغیر‌ حساسیت محیطی تأثیر مثبت و معنی‌داری بر تلنگر مقایسه‌ی اجتماعی و تلنگر سبز دارد. از طرف دیگر تلنگر مقایسه‌ی اجتماعی تأثیر منفی و معناداری بر رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی کارکنان دارد، اما تلنگر سبز تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر این نوع رفتارها دارد. ضمن اینکه تلنگر مقایسه‌ی اجتماعی و تلنگر سبز نقش میانجی‌گری بین حساسیت محیطی و رفتارهای زیست‌محیطی کارکنان ایفا نمی‌کند. با توجه به نادیده‌گرفتن اهمیت تلنگرهای سازمانی می‌توان گفت این پژوهش نگاهی بدیع به این مقوله داشته که می‌تواند منجر به بروز تلنگرهای بیشتری برای بهبود و رفتارها در سازمان شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Role of Environmental Sensitivity on Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior with Considering the Mediating Role of Social Comparison Nudge and Green Nudge

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Keshavarz 1
  • Hossein Damghanian 2
  • Seyyed Abbas Ebrahimi 3
  • Abbasli Rastgar 2

1 PhD Student in Organizational Behavior Management, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Management and Administrative Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of environmental sensitivity on , Employee Pro-Environmental Behaviour, considering the role of mediating effect of Social comparison nudge and Green nudge. The purpose of this study is descriptive and survey method. The statistical sample in this study was 189 employees of the environmental organization of Semnan province who were selected randomly. In order to analyze the data, partial least squares method was used. The findings indicate that the instrument of measuring is well-suited and its reliability coefficient is more than 0.7 for all research structures. The results indicate that environmental sensitivity has a positive and significant effect on Employee Pro-Environmental Behaviour. Also the environmental sensitivity has a positive and significant effect on Social comparison nudge and Green nudge. On the other hand, the Social comparison nudge has a negative and significant effect on the Employee Pro-Environmental Behaviour, but the Green nudge has a positive and significant effect on these behaviors. In addition, the Social comparison nudge and Green nudge does not play the role of mediation between environmental sensitivity and Employee Pro-Environmental Behaviour. With notice of ignoring the role and importance of organizational nudges, it can be said that this research has a novel and fresh look at this category, which can lead to the emergence of more nudges to improve and strengthen behaviors in the organizational arena.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental Sensitivity
  • Employee Pro-Environmental Behaviour
  • Social comparison nudge
  • Green nudge
Acland, D., & Levy, M. R. (2015). Naiveté, projection bias, and habit formation in gym attendance. Management Science61(1), 146-160.
Agerström, J., Carlsson, R., Nicklasson, L., & Guntell, L. (2016). Using descriptive social norms to increase charitable giving: The power of local norms. Journal of Economic Psychology52, 147-153.
Allcott, H., & Kessler, J. B. (2019). The welfare effects of nudges: A case study of energy use social comparisons. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 11(1), 236-276.
Alpízar, F., & Martinsson, P. (2013). Does it matter if you are observed by others? Evidence from donations in the field. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics115(1), 74-83.
August, A. M. (2015). On Nudging In Public Policy. Undergraduate honors thesis, University of Redlands.
Bartke, S., Friedl, A., Gelhaar, F., & Reh, L. (2017). Social comparison nudges—Guessing the norm increases charitable giving. Economics Letters152, 73-75.
Batson, C. D., Chang, J., Orr, R., & Rowland, J. (2002). Empathy, attitudes, and action: Can feeling for a member of a stigmatized group motivate one to help the group?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin28(12), 1656-1666.
Brown, Z., Johnstone, N., Haščič, I., Vong, L., & Barascud, F. (2013). Testing the effect of defaults on the thermostat settings of OECD employees. Energy Economics39, 128-134.
Brülisauer, M., Goette, L., Jiang, Z., Schmitz, J., & Schubert, R. (2018). Appliance Specific Feedback and Social Comparisons: Evidence From a Field Experiment on Electricity Saving. Available at SSRN 3299500.
Chan, H. W. (2019). When do values promote pro-environmental behaviors? Multilevel evidence on the self-expression hypothesis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 101361.
Christman, J., & Zalta, E. N. (2015). The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Autonomy in Moral and Political Philosophy [internet]. Edward N. Zalta ed.
Collado, S., Staats, H., & Sancho, P. (2019). Normative influences on adolescents’ self-reported pro-environmental behaviors: The role of parents and friends. Environment and Behavior, 51(3), 288-314.
Damghanian, H., keshavarz, M., ebrahimi, S., rastgar, A. (2020). The Role of Identity, Environmental Attitudes and Green Psychological climate in Creating Environmental Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Environmental Science Studies, 5(2), 2597-2607. (In Persian)
Damghanian, H., Yazdani Ziarat, M. (2016). Situational and Dispositional Antecedents of Impression Management Behaviors in Organization. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 25(80), 27-46. doi: 10.22054/jmsd.2016.4026. (In Persian)
Delmas, M. A., & Lessem, N. (2014). Saving power to conserve your reputation? The effectiveness of private versus public information. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management67(3), 353-370.
Djellal, F., & Gallouj, F. (2016). Service innovation for sustainability: paths for greening through service innovation. In Service innovation (pp. 187-215). Springer, Tokyo.
Ebert, P., & Freibichler, W. (2017). Nudge management: applying behavioural science to increase knowledge worker productivity. Journal of Organization Design, 4, (1)6.
Egebark, J., & Ekström, M. (2016). Can indifference make the world greener?. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management76, 1-13.
Evans, N., Eickers, S., Geene, L., Todorovic, M., & Villmow, A. (2017). Green Nudging, A discussion and preliminary evaluation of nudging as an environmental policy instrument.
Gabaix, X., & Farhi, E. (2017). Optimal Taxation with Behavioral Agents. In 2017 Meeting Papers (No. 1634). Society for Economic Dynamics.
Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 76(1), 129.
Goodwin, T. (2012). Why we should reject ‘nudge’. Politics32(2), 85-92.
Hallsworth, M., List, J. A., Metcalfe, R. D., & Vlaev, I. (2017). The behavioralist as tax collector: Using natural field experiments to enhance tax compliance. Journal of Public Economics148, 14-31.
Helfand, G. E., Berck, P., & Maull, T. (2003). The theory of pollution policy. In Handbook of environmental economics(Vol. 1, pp. 249-303). Elsevier.
Houde, S., & Myers, E. (2019). Heterogeneous (mis-) perceptions of energy costs: Implications for measurement and policy design (No. w25722). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Hungerford, H. R., & Volk, T. L. (1990). Changing learner behavior through environmental education. The journal of environmental education21(3), 8-21.
Jessoe, K., Papineau, M., & Rapson, D. (2017). Utilities included: split incentives in commercial electricity contracts (No. CEP 17-07).
Karlan, D., McConnell, M., Mullainathan, S., & Zinman, J. (2016). Getting to the top of mind: How reminders increase saving. Management Science62(12), 3393-3411.
Karsten Schmidt(2018), Green Nudge: The Classic Social Comparison Experiment By Opower, visit at https:// inudgeyou.com/en/green-nudge-the-classic-social-comparison-experiment-by-opower.
Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?. Environmental education research8(3), 239-260.
Kormos, C., Gifford, R., & Brown, E. (2015). The influence of descriptive social norm information on sustainable transportation behavior: a field experiment. Environment and Behavior47(5), 479-501.
Li, D., & Chen, J. (2015). Significant life experiences on the formation of environmental action among Chinese college students. Environmental Education Research21(4), 612-630.
Lülfs, R., & Hahn, R. (2013). Corporate greening beyond formal programs, initiatives, and systems: A conceptual model for voluntary pro‐environmental behavior of employees. European Management Review10(2), 83-98.
Maleki, Abbas (2018). Environmental Politics in the Middle East. Strategic Studies of public policy, 8(27), 349-359. (In Persian)
Mols, F., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., & Steffens, N. K. (2015). Why a nudge is not enough: A social identity critique of governance by stealth. European Journal of Political Research54(1), 81-98.
Mori, T., & Tasaki, T. (2019). Factors influencing pro-environmental collaborative collective behaviors toward sustainability transition–a case of renewable energy. Environmental Education Research, 25(4), 566-584.
My, K. B., & Ouvrard, B. (2019). Nudge and tax in an environmental public goods experiment: Does environmental sensitivity matter?. Resource and Energy Economics55, 24-48.
Myers, E., & Souza, M. (2018). Social comparison nudges without monetary incentives: Evidence from home energy reports. E2e Working Paper 041.
Nisbet, E. K., Zelenski, J. M., & Murphy, S. A. (2009). The nature relatedness scale: Linking individuals' connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior. Environment and behavior41(5), 715-740.
Nørnberg, T. R., Houlby, L., Skov, L. R., & Peréz-Cueto, F. J. A. (2016). Choice architecture interventions for increased vegetable intake and behaviour change in a school setting: a systematic review. Perspectives in public health, 136(3), 132-142.
Norton, T. A., Parker, S. L., Zacher, H., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2015). Employee green behavior: A theoretical framework, multilevel review, and future research agenda. Organization & Environment28(1), 103-125.
Ones, D. S., & Dilchert, S. (2012). Environmental sustainability at work: A call to action. Industrial and Organizational Psychology5(4), 444-466.
Oullier, O., & Sauneron, S. (2011). Green Nudges’ new incentives for ecological behaviour. Centre d’Analyse Stratégique, Note d’analyse, (216), 1-11.
Pienaar, E. F., Lew, D. K., & Wallmo, K. (2015). The importance of survey content: Testing for the context dependency of the new ecological paradigm scale. Social science research51, 338-349.
Rafiee shahraki, A., Ghasemi, M. (2020). Investigation of Environmental Performance in the Cement Industry. Environment and Interdisciplinary Development, 5(69), 15-26. doi: 10.22034/envj.2020.103517. (In Persian)
Rastgar, A., Hashemian, S., Alavi, S. (2017). Environmental Values and Lifestyles as Determining Factors of Ecological Consumer Behavior. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 25(83), 69-92. doi: 10.22054/jmsd.2017.7482. (In Persian)
Robertson, J. L., & Barling, J. (2013). Greening organizations through leaders' influence on employees' pro‐environmental behaviors. Journal of organizational behavior34(2), 176-194.
Saeed, B. B., Afsar, B., Hafeez, S., Khan, I., Tahir, M., & Afridi, M. A. (2019). Promoting employee's proenvironmental behavior through green human resource management practices. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management26(2), 424-438.
Schubert, C. (2015). On the ethics of public nudging: Autonomy and agency. Available at SSRN 2672970.
Schubert, C. (2017). Green nudges: Do they work? Are they ethical?. Ecological Economics132, 329-342.
Sikorski, E. L. Prevalence and Aetiology of Social Anxiety Disorder.
Smith, N. C., Goldstein, D. G., & Johnson, E. J. (2013). Choice without awareness: Ethical and policy implications of defaults. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing32(2), 159-172.
Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of social issues56(3), 407-424.
Sun, Y., Song, J. B., & Song, D. R (2012). An empirical study on influencing factors of residents’ environmental behavior. Chinese Journal of Management, 9, 144–150.
Sunstein, C. R. (2014). Nudging: A very short guide. Journal of Consumer Policy37(4), 583-588.
Sward, L. L., & Marcinkowski, T. (2005). Environmental sensitivity: A review of the research, 1980-1998. HUNGERFORD, Harold H.; BLUHM, William J.; VOLK, Trudi L, 301-312.
Tam, K. P. (2013). Dispositional empathy with nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology35, 92-104.
Tawse, A., Patrick, V. M., & Vera, D. (2019). Crossing the chasm: Leadership nudges to help transition from strategy formulation to strategy implementation. Business Horizons62(2), 249-257.
Tezel, E., & Giritli, H. (2019). Understanding pro-environmental workplace behavior: a comparative study. Facilities.
Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: improving decisions about health. Wealth, and Happiness6.
Thunström, L., Gilbert, B., & Ritten, C. J. (2018). Nudges that hurt those already hurting–distributional and unintended effects of salience nudges. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization153, 267-282.
Vallgårda, S. (2012). Nudge—A new and better way to improve health?. Health policy104(2), 200-203.
Vicente-Molina, M. A., Fernández-Sáinz, A., & Izagirre-Olaizola, J. (2013). Environmental knowledge and other variables affecting pro-environmental behaviour: comparison of university students from emerging and advanced countries. Journal of Cleaner Production61, 130-138.
Wang, P., Liu, Q., & Qi, Y. (2014). Factors influencing sustainable consumption behaviors: A survey of the rural residents in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 63, 152–165. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.007.
Wilson, A., Bogomolova, S., & Buckley, J. (2015). Lack of efficacy of a salience nudge for substituting selection of lower-calorie for higher-calorie milk in the work place. Nutrients7(6), 4336-4344.
Wu, L. (2018). The relationships between environmental sensitivity, ecological worldview, personal norms and pro‐environmental behaviors in Chinese children: Testing the value–belief–norm model with environmental sensitivity as an emotional basis. PsyCh journal7(3), 111-121.
Zibarras, L. D., & Coan, P. (2015). HRM practices used to promote pro-environmental behavior: a UK survey. The International Journal of Human Resource Management26(16), 2121-2142.
Zsóka, Á., Szerényi, Z. M., Széchy, A., & Kocsis, T. (2013). Greening due to environmental education? Environmental knowledge, attitudes, consumer behavior and everyday pro-environmental activities of Hungarian high school and university students. Journal of Cleaner Production48, 126-138.