نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

چکیده

در دهه های اخیر، تغییر و تحول در شئون مختلف جوامع انسانی سرعت قابل ملاحظه ای یافته است و بقا و بالندگی سازمان ها در گرو  آمادگی و واکنش کارکنان در برابر تغییر قرار دارد. هدف این تحقیق، بررسی  رابطه ی ارتباطات سازمانی و واکنش کارکنان به تغییر، با تاکید بر نقش هوش عاطفی  می باشد. جامعه ی آماری این تحقیق کارکنان بانک صادرات منطقه ی 3 شهر تهران می باشد. تعداد 200 کارمند به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی مبنای تحلیل قرار گرفت. گردآوری داده ها به وسیله ی پرسشنامه انجام شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از طریق روش رگرسیون سلسله مراتبی و نرم افزارSPSS  صورت گرفت. نتایج تحلیل نشان داد که ارتباطات سازمانی، با آمادگی و واکنش مثبت کارکنان به تغییر رابطه ی مثبت دارد و هوش عاطفی کارکنان، این رابطه را تشدید می کند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The relationship between Organizational Communication and Employee Reactions to Change: With emphasis on the role of Emotional Intelligence

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Yazdanshenas 1
  • Puya Poormoghadasian 2

چکیده [English]

In recent decades, changes in different aspects of human societies have considerably got accelerated. Moreover, the survival and growth of the organizations are depending on preparedness and employee reaction to change. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational communication and employee reaction to change, with emphasis on the role of emotional intelligence. The participants of this study are Saderat bank employees of Tehran third district who were selected through random sampling. Data collection was done using a questionnaire. SPSS and hierarchical regression analysis are utilized for data analyses. The results of this study showed that the organizational communication had positive relationship with preparedness and employee positive reaction to change and the employee emotional intelligence has intensified the mentioned relationship.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Employee reaction to change
  • Organizational communication
  • emotional intelligence
  • Performance improve
سنگه، پیتر.(1377)، پنجمین فرمان خلق سازمان فراگیر، ترجمه ی کمال هدایت، حافظ و روشن، محمد، تهران ، انتشارات سازمان مدیریت صنعتی.
- عباسپور،عباس.(1393)، مدیریت منابع انسانی پیشرفته. تهران، انتشارات سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی دانشگاه ها(سمت).
- عریضی، حمیدرضا؛ دری،بهروز؛ براتی؛ هاجر(1394). بررسی متغیرهای میانجی موثر بر رابطه ی بین عوامل زمینه ای و سازمانی با واکنش به تغییر و پیامدهای آن. فصلنامه ی مطالعات مدیریت بهبود و تحول،شماره77،صفحات221-240..
- فرهنگی،علی اکبر؛ صفرزاده، حسین؛ خادمی،مهدی.(1392)، نظریه های ارتباطات سازمانی. تهران، انتشارات صانعی.
- کاملی، محمدجواد؛ بختیاری اصل،طیبه؛ لطفی آرباطان،ابوالفضل؛ پورفرج، اکبر(1392). بررسی الگوهای رفتاری کارکنان در مقابل تغییر. فصلنامه‏ی مطالعات مدیریت بهبود و تحول، شماره 70، صفحات103-134.
 - Allena, J., Jimmiesona, N.L., Bordiab, P. and Irmerc, B.E. (2007), “Uncertainty during organizational change: managing perceptions through communication”, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 187-210.
- Ashford, S.J. and Black, J.S. (1996), “Proactivity during organizational entry: the role of desire for control”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 81 No. 2, pp. 199-214.
- Avey, J.B. and Wernsing, T.S. (2008), “Can positive employees help positive organizational change? Impact of psychological capital and emotions on relevant attitudes and behaviors”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 48-70.
- Bandura, A. (1997), Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control, Freeman, New York, NY.
- Barrick, M.R. and Mount, M.K. (1991), “The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta-analysis”, Personal Psychology, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 1-26.
-  Bartel, C.A. and Saavedra, R. (2000), “The collective construction of work group moods”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 45 No. 2, pp. 197-231.
-  Brown, J.F. (2007), “First steps: linking change communication to change receptivity”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 370-87.
- Clore, G.L. andOrtony, A. (2000), “Cognition in emotion: always, sometimes, or never?”, in Lane,R.D. and Nadel, L. (Eds), Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion. Series in Affective Science, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp. 24-61.
- Conlon, D.E. and Shapiro, D.L. (2002), “Employee postings and company responses to downsizing inquiries: implications for managing and reacting to organizational change”, Advances in Qualitative Organization Research, Vol. 4, pp. 39-67.
- Cremer, D., Stinglhamber, F. and Eisenberger, R. (2005), “Effects of own versus other’s fair treatment on positive emotions: a field study”, The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 145. No. 6, pp. 741-4.
- Duck, J.D. (1993), “Managing change: the art of balancing”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71 No. 6, pp. 109-18.
-  Dulewicz, V. and Higgs, M. (2004), “Can emotional intelligence be developed?”, International Journal of  Human Resource Management, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 95-111.
-  Ettlie, J.E. and Reza, E.M. (1992), “Organizational integration and process innovation”, AcademyManagement Journal, Vol. 35 No. 4, pp. 795-8
-  Forgas, J.P. and Joseph, P. (1995), “Mood and judgment: the affect infusion model (AIM)”,Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 117 No. 1, pp. 39-66.
- Frahm, J. and Brown, K. (2007), “First steps: linking change communication to changereceptivity”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 370-87.
- Fredrickson, B.L. (2001), “The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: thebroaden-and-build theory of positive emotions”, American Psychologist, Vol. 56, pp. 218-26.
- Fugate,M., Kinicki, A.j and Sceck, C.L.(2002), “Coping with an organization merger over four stage”, Personal psychology, Vol.55, pp.28-905.
- Green, S.E. (2004), “A rhetorical theory of diffusion”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 29,pp. 653-69.
- Hellgren, J. and Sverke, M. (2003), “Does job insecurity lead to impaired well-being or vice versa?Estimation of cross-lagged effects using latent variable modeling”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 215-36.
- Hui, C. and Lee, C. (2000), “Moderating effects of organization-based self-esteem onorganizational uncertainty: employee response relationships”, Journal of Management, Vol. 26 No. 2, pp. 215-32.38.
- Huy, Q.N. (1999), “Emotional capability, emotional intelligence, and radical change”, Academy ofManagement Review, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 325-45.
- Huy, Q.N. (2002), “Emotional balancing of organizational continuity and radical change: the contribution of middle managers”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 47 No. 1, pp. 31-69.
- Jimmieson, N., Terry, D. and Callan, V. (2004), “A longitudinal study of employee adaptation to organizational change: the role of change-related information and change-related self-efficacy”, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 11-27.
- Jordan, P.J., Ashkanasy, N.M. and Hartel, C.E.J. (2002), “Emotional intelligence as moderator of emotional and behavioural reactions to job insecurity”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 27 No. 3, pp. 361-72.
- Joseph, D.L. and Newman, D.A. (2010), “Emotional intelligence: an integrative meta-analysis and cascading model”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 95 No. 1, pp. 54-78.
- Kafetsiosa, K. and Zampetakis, L.A. (2008), “Emotional intelligence and job satisfaction: testing the mediatory role of positive and negative affect at work”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 44 No. 3, pp. 712-22.
- Kickul, J., Lester, S.W. and Finkl, J. (2002), “Promise breaking during radical organizational change: do justice interventions make a difference?”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 23, pp. 469-88.
- Klein, S.M. (1996), “A management communication strategy for change”, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 32-46.
- Kotter, J.P. and Schilesinger, L.A. (2008), “Choosing strategies for change”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 57 No. 21, pp. 106-44.
- Kramer, M.W. and Hess, J.A. (2002), “Communication rules for the display of emotions in organizational settings”, Management Communication Quarterly, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 66-80.
- Kramer, M.W., Dougharty, D. and Pierce, T. (2004), “Managing uncertainty during a corporate acquisition: a longitudinal study of communication during an airline acquisition”, Human Communication Research, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 71-101.
- Lazarus, R.S. (1982), “Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition”, American Psychologist, Vol. 37 No. 9, pp. 1019-24.
- Lazarus, R.S. (2006), “Emotions and interpersonal relationships: toward a person-centered conceptualization of emotions and coping”, Journal of Personality, Vol. 74, pp. 9-46.
- Mayer, J.D. and Salovey, P. (1997), “What is emotional intelligence”, in Salovey, P. and Sluyter, D.J. (Eds), Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications, Basic Books, New York, NY, pp. 3-31.
- Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P. and Caruso, D.R. (2008), “Emotional intelligence: new ability or eclectic traits?”, American Psychologist, Vol. 63 No. 6, pp. 503-17.
- Milliken, F.J. (1987), “Three types of perceived uncertainty about the environment: state, effect, and response uncertainty”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12 No. 1, p. 133.
- Morrison, E.W. and Robinson, S.L. (1997), “When employees feel betrayed: a model of how psychological contract violation develops”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 226-56.
- Nadler, D.A. (1981), “Managing organizational change: a integrative perspective”, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 191-211.
- Oreg, M.V., Vokola, M. and Armenakis, A. (2011), “Change recipients’ reactions to organizational change”, Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 47 No. 4, pp. 461-524.
- Oreg, S. (2003), “Resistance to change: developing an individual differences measure”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88 No. 4, pp. 680-93.
- Piderit, S.K. (2000), “Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 783-94.
-  Pardo del Val,M. and Martinez Fuentes,c(2003), “Resistence to change:a literature review and empirical study”, Management Decision , Vol.41 No.2,pp.148-155.
- Reichers, A.E., Wanous, J.P. and Austin, J.T. (1997), “Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 11, pp. 48-59.
- Rusbult, C.E., Farrell, D. and Mainous, A.G. (1988), “Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: an integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp. 599-627.
- Schein, E.H. (1993), “On dialogue, culture and organizational learning”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 22, pp. 27-38.
- Schneider, B., Brief, A.P. and Guzzo, R.A. (1996), “Creating a climate and culture for sustainable change”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 7-19.
- Schwarz, N. and Clore, G.L. (1983), “Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: informative and directive functions of affective states”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 45 No. 3, pp. 513-23.
- Sharma, N. and Patterson, P.G. (1999), “The impact of communication effectiveness and service quality on relationship commitment in consumer, professional services”, The Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 151-70.
- Smollan, R.K. (2006), “Minds, hearts and deeds: cognitive, affective and behavioral responses to change”, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 143-58.
- Smith,L(2005),  “Resistence to chang- Recognition and response” , library management,Vol.26 No.819,pp519-522.
- Stroebe, W. and Stroebe, M. (1996), “The social psychology of social support”, in Hig-Gins, E.T. and Kruglanski, A.W. (Eds), Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, Guilford Press, London, pp.  597-621.
- Tanbg,C and Gao,Y(2013), “Intra-department communication and employee reaction to organizational chang” ,The  journal of Chinese Human resource Management,Vol.3 No.2,pp.100-117.
- Vakola, M., Tsaousis, I. and Nikolaou, I. (2004), “The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organizational change”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 88-110.
- Wanberg, C.R., Banas, J.T. and Joseph, T. (2000), “Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85 No. 1, pp. 132-42.
- Weick, K.E. and Quinn, R.E. (1999), “Organizational change and development”, Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 50, pp. 361-86.
-  Wong, C.S. and Law, K.S. (2004), “The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 89 No. 3, pp. 483-96