Management Studies in Development and Evolution

Abstract Ethics   as  a  regulatory   mechanism   for  people  '   s actions   ,   play  a  very important role in organizational life .In this article  ethical  perspectives are presented in  four categories : I. Teleology ,  2.Deontology ,  3   .   Relativism , and  4. Virtue ethics. Then author suggests  an integrated Ethical system  for organizations,  that means a balanced system  which takes into consideration all four perspectives: utilitarianism  ,    respect   for  persons   as  human   beings   ,   Justice   ,   and subordination of rules in society. At the end of the article continuance and maintance of ethical  system  is expressed.

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Abstract In this  article  two  questions  are asked  and  author  is trying  to answer them  .  The  first one  is  :   what  is organizational  Development ? And  the Second  question  is  :   How Organizational  Development Can play a role in the Future  of organizations . Definitions  of organizations,  criteria  for  organizational, health kecognition  ,present trends  in  organizational  processes  ,Need to Management skills are main topics  in  the article.  At the end of the article organizational development as an independent field that is based on Behavioral  Sciences,  is presented  and its combination with organizational learning  for Future  is , expressed  .  The author  believes  that this trend and its changes  leads to new challenges.

Abstract The main goal of this research  is the study of the manner of the relevancy between  environmental turbulence , strategic  profile and the Performance of organizations,  To express  the obtained  model  and to test the model  on the pharmaceutical manufacturers. The  obtained   results   of research   on  the  pharmaceutical  manufacturers indicated  that   the   right   round   environment  of  such   organizations  is agitated  and   the   pharmaceutical   manufacturers  which   have   less  gap between their strategic  profile  and level  of their environmental  turbulence , enjoy the higher  Performance. Models  and  findings  of the  research  either  are useful  for pharmaceutical manufacturers   and   interested   persons   in   this   mather   or   exhibit   an appropriate  pivot  for the researchers on  strategic  management to analyze the  agitation   level  right   round  the  organizations  and  also  exhibit  the manner  of proportionment of strategic  profile  of organizations and other industries.

Abstract Iran  budgeting  structure  and concepts  have  changed  since  200 I .These changes  embrace  the  items  such  as  ,   concepts  of revenues  ,   expenses  , capital   assets   as  well   as   financial   assets   ,    which   resulted    in  more information  transparency .   as a results  the government  budget  is  drawn up  as  such  of an  economic   firm's  budget.  Structural  reforms   ,   such  as reduction   in  budget  notes  and  conversion  of repeatable  notes  to low  and uniformity    of  foreign   exchange    rate   ,     have   been   implemented   in government budgeting. The  core  purpose   of  this  paper   is  to  survey  and  review   structural reforms  in  budgeting  ,   comparison between  the  old  and  new  budgeting systems  , oferational budgeting  ,  history  and effects of foreign  exchange uniformity  on  budget    .  foreign  exchange   reserve  account  and  effect of reformed   tax   law  on  budgeting    .    in  addition   ,    this   paper   expresses employment status  and  incomplete  infrastructural  plans  in  budgeting  as well as characteristics of budgeting  in 200

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Abstract Success   of organizations  are  depend   to  make  and  perform  correct decisions   .    Thesis  decisions   is  making   by  group  of individuals  in  the organizations. Environment of group  decision  making  is  characterized by group   of  individual  that   are  express   your  judgements  on  the  set  of criteria’s    and   objectives   in   order   to . select   the   best   alternatives   . researchers   have  design  and  used  methods  and  techniques  for  reconcile attitudes  and judgements of exports  and  participants under  environment group  decision   making  and  therefore   accomplishing  consensus.  In  this article  ,  we want  to  present  a fuzzy  model  for accomplishing consensus for situation of group decision  making.

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Abstract QFD is a comprehensive quality tool specifically aimed at translating customers ‘voices into  operations  requirement  .This technique   is applied not only  in production  operations , but also in service  operations  including education  services. In     this     article      service     -based     quality     function      development (QFD)methodology  was   applied    in   higher    education    at   the   State Management Training   Center  (SMTC).The  first  step  was  to  gather  the voices   of  customers    (students).   The   voices   of  customers  were   then translated  into   service   characteristics  known   as   service   elements    . Findings   of this  research   reveals   that  the  most  training   requirements must  be searched  in course  content  , course  structure ,  and  professors  of management training  courses.

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