Management Studies in Development and Evolution

Abstract Sustainable agriculture is one of important components of sustainable development, which is known as the appropriate approach for 2151 century for lives of a considerable fraction of people in third world. Unfortunately, despite the importance of agriculture in Iranian economy, the potential role of sustainable agriculture approach in resolving the current issues of agricultural sector, and creation of long-term sustainability, sustainable development and agriculture have been remained demoted to translation of some definitions and articles. This research considers the discussion of fundamental differences of livelihood, business or industrial agriculture and sustainable agriculture; and investigates the challenges  of business or industrial agriculture  and the concept of sustainable agriculture from the perspectives  of management, sustainable agriculture paradigm (sustainable development paradigm and sustainability model),  definition of sustainable agriculture,  sustainability framework (four social, economical, natural, and political dimensions of sustainability),  determination of the differences to  be  made  for establishment  of sustainable  agriculture as the result of changes in the environment. Also, considering the set of research findings, this research suggests the consecutive actions to be taken in different levels of agriculture sustainability, including utilization level, village level, zone level, province level, and national level.

Abstract The core of this article is about "accountability of public services organizations to people" and specifically "accountability of Tehran Municipality for clienteles and citizens". In a general perspective, considering the roots of the problem, it seems that in a sphere where there are no "citizenship rights", and personal relationships and appointments.

Abstract In 1950s, Building the scholar on systems had alarmed human and social sciences' researchers and thinkers through his classification of systems, which was not taken seriously at that time (Building, 1956). In his famous article "General System Theory" he emphasized on the commensurate choice of research tools and subject, pointing out that we can understand phenomena only when appropriate tools for that level are acquired. He believed the research tools have been designed in second and third levels of systems, and humans and organizations which belong to seventh and eights complex levels are investigated by them. Of course, the results of such researches are prone to many errors and deficiencies.

Abstract Insurance play very important Role on Economic Growth and development of the country.  it's stability depends on their customer's satisfaction. This paper wants to answer this question that which strategies in insurance industry is customer oriented and what kind of structure we need to attain this In this research not only present approaches used but also studies and experiences in insurance industry of several countries has been used. Local model of customer oriented strategies and proper structure in order to attain those strategies designed which will promote of insurance industry's efficiency. The 's research shows that in order to attain customer oriented strategies we need to have management development, easing on regulation's, privitazitation and diversification of insurance services. Centralization and satisfaction level to achieve above strategies was low and formality for achieving privatization strategies and management development level was high and easing on regulation strategies and diversification of insurance services was low

Abstract Understanding the behavior of financial service’s consumers and their needs and wants influences marketing activities of financial services. Demands of financial services consumers are affected by their psychological and behavioral attributes. As a result understanding and recognition of the behavior of financial services consumers gain a considerable significance. In this article this important subject is investigated.

Abstract Public administration environment has become more than any time complex, dynamic and revolutionized. The changes trespass the organizations boundaries consecutively and make managers face with new challenges. Survival and excellence in such an environment is attainable solely with change and adoption with dynamicity. Actually e-government as a new serving approach is a response to environmental challenges and adoption with new business world which has turned the attention of public administration in ICT age. Considering the importance of topic this article tries to investigate the meaning of e government and then present a pattern to transmit to e government. This pattern has designed in a way to consider different aspects of the issue and introduce a clear perspective of the transmission process.

Abstract Organizational culture has a significant role in the fields of management and organizational behavior. Followed by new theories and researches in management, organizational culture has got increasing importance and consists one of major areas in management. Demographers, sociologists, psychologists, and even economists have paid especial attention to this new and important issue and have posed many theories and researches to identify its roles and significance. Organizational culture is considered as one of most effective factors of progress and development of the countries; as such many researchers believe that the success of Japan in industry andmanagement is the result of their strong focus on organizational culture. Organizational culture is a set of shared beliefs and values that influences the behavior and thoughts of members of organizations; and can be viewed as a start point for movement and dynamics or an obstacle for progress. Organizational culture is a foundation for change and transformation, and its acceptance from employees guarantees the survival and dynamics of the organization. surmounts any election, rules, and competencies, there would be no question at all. Hence, officials in charge do not take themselves accountable for rather than their superiors. Therefore, no place will be found for of public culture domain, especially in the form of public accountability.
However, today "most of governments do exist in such conditions and govern in such infrastructure that must be accountable for increasing demands of conscious citizens, communities, interest groups, social movements, and other mass media" (Faghihi, 1380: 55). Power supervision and assurance of appropriate utilization of public resources; mostly remind negative and punishing aspects. On the other hand, accountability is considered as tools for continuous progress and improvement of services (Aucoin, 2000, 53). Therefore, considering the role of accountability of public sector officials for people and citizens in improvement of services, this seems to be a necessity and an effective factor of linking citizens and officials. In this article, by expressing of concepts, exigencies, theories, and effective factors on accountability of public sector organizations, especially Tehran Municipality, and analysis of data and inference of results, we try to respond to the question of whether accountability system has been designed in such a way to accomplish the satisfaction of citizens through delivery of urban services or not.