Management Studies in Development and Evolution

Abstract Small   and   medium_   sized  enterprises   greatly   influence   the economices of all countries and act as the main engine of economic growth and technological advancement. Small and medium enterpriesesdo not constitute a home genous group and researchers have concluded that they need different services and also encounter different export barriers or problems by srage of export development. The present research introduces a model for expected services from government organizations and centers for the  export promotion of small and medium - sized enterprises (a study chocolate producing industry). This research utilizes two method which are comparacomparative and survey research. In the comparative  six Asian countries which have a high export growth rate were selected. The services offered by public organization of these countries (japan, China, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea, and Turkey) to Their small and medium enterprises were compared. Then the  services  offered  by Iranian public  organizations were compared with above mentions countries.

Abstract Ten years after Beijing Conference which held in September 1995 in China and identified major critical areas of concern requiring action by  governments,  still  there are very important issues  that  have not been dealt properly. It is widely recognized that in order for the world to be able to obtain development,  it is fundamental for all citizens to participate in development  process and this is only possible with the full involvement of women in the development process of the country. This means that women's issues must be given priority in national and international arena. In this article four important issues that deserve prior attention and adequate action will be discussed. The issues are: globalization and women, violence  against women, trafficking of women,  and gender digital divide. 2 I Management Studies In the Survey research the statistical population comprised of all small and medium enterprises producing chocolate.  The convenient sampling method was  used in  order to  select the  sample and the sampling size comprised 40 enterprises.  Then  15  executwes in the organizations offering  services were  chosen  and  surveyed  on the needs of small and medium - sized chocolate producing enterprises for different services. Finally a Model is introduced which its main points consists of ranking of chocolate producers needs services by groups and subgroups, establishing an opinion poll, centers offering professional services with education,  research and consulting cores prepared to offer expected services to chocolate producers.

Abstract

Abstract Consuming behavior of consumer  is  under the  influence  of such factors  as  cultural,  social,  personal  &  psychological  factors.  This article emphasizing on psychological factors, generally tries to survey the factors affecting consumers'  attitude in selecting proper airlines (Emirates & Iranair Airlines to Dubai destination) and narrowly analyzes national consumers' attitude in this regard. The outcome of this thesis after having done lots of researches and with the use of Average method points to the  fact that Iranian passengers'  attitude about  such elements  as  flight  security,  flight management, proper flight hours, numerous flights, services offered during the flight and discounting  is  more  positive  about  Emirates  Airline  than  Iranair Airline. From the view point of expenses, the passengers almost have similar notions about both airlines. Finally Iranian passengers' attitude to Emirates Airline is more satisfactory than Iranair Airline.

Abstract The  Political  and  Administrative  Reforms  have  Progressed  at European Union  Level, National  Level, and  Subnational Level  in throughout of Europe. Political Reform Plans  are Based on Political Participation,   Election   of      local   Officials   by   Citizens,   and Referendum. Administrative Reforms   are Based on Efficiency, Effectiveness,   Accountability  and   Good  Governance.   this   Paper Explains Political and Administrative Reform Plans in Municipalities and other Local Organizations in Germany, Holland, and Swiss Countries.

Abstract Decision Making is important process in any organization, so that organization is named decision network and management is decision making. For effective decision making, organization should be based upon correct and, sufficient Information.  Decision Support Systems (DSS) provide this Information for manager's  Decisions. This article sheds light on the key role of decision making in organization and Information   role   in   this   process,   organizational   decisions   are classified.  The purpose of this article is to present an overview of DSS.  The  article  concludes  by discussing  about  DSS  supports  in decision making process.