Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• abolhasan faghihi
• habibolah salarzehi

Abstract

The  Political  and  Administrative  Reforms  have  Progressed  at European Union  Level, National  Level, and  Subnational Level  in throughout of Europe. Political Reform Plans  are Based on Political Participation,   Election   of      local   Officials   by   Citizens,   and Referendum. Administrative Reforms   are Based on Efficiency, Effectiveness,   Accountability  and   Good  Governance.   this   Paper Explains Political and Administrative Reform Plans in Municipalities and other Local Organizations in Germany, Holland, and Swiss Countries.