Management Studies in Development and Evolution

Abstract Public choice theory is based  on the idea that politicians, bureaucrats, and public administrators do not devote their lives for public good and other citizens' interests. Members of Government bureaucracy are  motivated by self - interest just as any  person in  society. In this article "Public Choice Theory" is discussed and government reforms based on this theory are  presented.  At  the las t part  of the article  experiences  of some countries  in  administrative  reforms  are studied  briefly.

Abstract Labor relations systems are so complex within the international business context. Researchers  have noted very  important  differences  between  countries  in this area. The  key issue in international labor relations is that national differences in economic, political, legal, social and cultural systems produce markedly different labor relations systems across countries and those organizations who arc looking abroad and want  to work  in  other countries  must consider  these variations  in  their strategies.

Abstract In  recent  years  vast argument  has  been developed  on the subject or selection  or an appropriate  model  for  economic  development.  There  arc several  conflicting views  on this  matter, opposing  social justice  with  economic  development. It is claimed that government controlled economy ts concerned basically with social justice, contrary to, free market economy, which  is more  concerned with economic development. IL  is  tried, in  this  article.  based  on  Henry Mintzber g view.  to suggest  that government controlled economy and free market economy are not  located at  the extreme ends of a continuum. They are so close to each other that resemble the  two ends or a horseshoe. Based on this view a proper  model  for development  is not any of these two;  but   somewhere in between, regarding the environmental condition, particularly if there arc professional  manager  Lo  handle  both  the economic  aspect as well as social responsibility     Regarding  the importance of  having  professional  managers  it  is tried  to explain the concept of profession and the criteria for professional development. Regarding to the model, the proper mixes  of government controlled and free  market economy model with emphasis on the necessity  for  professional  managers. With regard to the political and development status of the country and also cultural aspects of mutual confidence, two matrices are presented and it is claimed that these contingencies dictate  the proper model.

Abstract   In  this article, the researcher has tried to identify characteristics of an ideal control system  by studying control systems of China, Germany, Singapore, Pakistan, France, Japan and Islamic Republic of Iran, with regard  to their types of government and  Culture. The  researcher  has also surveyed  characteristics of an ideal control  system  using Delphi technique. These characteristics  from experts view were: Formal structure, low complexity, central Policy making and decentralize execution  of control measures,  professionalized  personnel, system  view and coordinates. among different control  systems. Based upon findings of comparative study and field survey, the researcher h. designed the  macro structure  of control systems of Islamic  Republic of [ran and verifier it  by getting experts confirmations.

Abstract     Structural  problems  arc  the  main  trade-barriers  which  bring  about  inefficiencies in  internal trade  in  Iran. The  structure of the institutions in the  successful countries are studied (descriptive, explanatory and multiple case studies) which shows success depends  on designs  aimed  at efficiency.  flexibility and using small  or  medium  EDI technology. Regarding the circumstances and conditions of Iran, conceptual,  comparative and case studies  arc  done and, some  advanced  designs arc  proposed. The  two  proposed  structures are

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Abstract A brief overview of the historical development of ergonomics in organizational design and management (ODAM) is presented. As a component of technology or ergonomics, macro ergonomics are described as a systematic. scientifically based means of optimizing work system  design. Macro ergonomics  might  be reoffered  to  as: Organization - environment - human - machine interface technology. involves consideration of sociotechnical system elements. Relation of macro ergonomics to micro ergonomic design of work system is discussed. The theory that ergonomically designed work systems can improve organizational effectiveness is explained.

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