Management Studies in Development and Evolution

Abstract There are  many  Iranian  compaines  that are working abroad  and  many international organizations that are operating within our national boarders. One of the important factors that influences their activities is political risk. International companies are working in a complex political environment which  is not easy to assess and manage. The  political environments provide opportunities and drawbacks, and determine the strategies that international organizations develop. This article focuses  on the concept ofpolitiical risk, assessing and managing  its various types. Generally  the more  positive political envirnment, the more integrative approaches a company apt to employ. In negative  environment,  however,  defensive  approaches  are  preferred

Abstract Critical  theory  is one  of the  contemporary thoughts  about social sciences. Critical theory, emphasises   social  realities  incorporating   historically situated structures.Thus  critical theory aim at criticizing and transforming socail, political cultulal  economic  ethnic  and volues. In  the  article, First, we study  early  crirical theory,  then  discuss (critical  of Max Horkheimer) critical theory  of Urgen  Habermas. At the  end examine its  relation  to public administration

Abstract Evidences indicate that the  Islamic Republic of Iran  enjoy a reasonable amount of comparative advantage  in their processed foodstuff to export  to the neighboring countries,  particularly to  the  U.A.E Despite this fact, the country's processed food  exporters have  failed to  gain advantage of this opportunity. Present paper is aimed at elucidating some outstanding reasons for this problem. Three groups of questionaires were  prepared in two languages  (Persian and English) to  ask  the  views of the  members of a sample of importers, sellers,  and  consumers  of these products  of Iran  it  the  U.A..E.  Non - parametric statistical methods such as the Mann  -  Whitney, the  Kruskal - Wallis, and Friedman  were  used to test the hypotheses  of this reseach.  Quite  a few reasons  were found  to account for the  Iranian exporter's meager success  in placing the  above products in the hands  of their Arab  consumers, who regarded  the quality  of these  products  as high.  However, a lack  of knowledge of these exporters  of the modern  exporting concepts or otherwise  their lack of willingness to rely on experts in  this field to handle the relevant issues for them were found to be the most important impediment to the export  of these foodstuff  to the  U. A E. To offer some  suggestions  for  the  promotion  of these  products  of Iran  in the U.A.E. AHP  model was  used to  rank consumers, responses to  the question "What do they  take  into account in  deciding to  purchase  as item of processed  foodstuff?" The paper  is consluded with a summary and some policy suggestions.  Suggestions  are also provided  for further  research.

Abstract

Abstract Survival of the firm, faced  with crisis is considered to  be of strategic concern  for  its  st akh o lde rs ,    As  such  mature  act.io ns  taken  to  help organizations, avert crises or more  effectively manage  those  that  do occure, is of strategic  importance. This article reviews some of the most important theories and alternative views related to the concept of crisis and organizational crisis  management. Lack of adequate integration  among different research perspctivies is illustrated  and  a need  to multidisiplinary approach  to  crisis management  and its alignement with the strategic management  framework of the  firm is emphasised

Abstract

Abstract In  this  article first, we  review and give some statistics regarding the performance of free zones in  gereral,  Then,  we discuss the  history, objectives, rules  and regulations (especially the performance) of the free zones  of Iran. We try  to  find the  causes  of the  relative failure or these organizations and introduce  approaches  which might  guarantee  success

Abstract In  the  begining  of  third  millennium  new  generation  of learning organizations  have   emerged.  These organizations  have  applied  new instruments  and also  used previous  genernation  instruments  more effectively. New learning organizations are more successful in competivite world and enable  to achieve  thier  missions. By using various sources, we try to define these  organizations  and deiscribe thier  instruments  in  past,  present  and future.

Abstract The  history of statistics has become interesting in recent decades to a remarkably diverse group of scholars, and  for an  equally wide-ranging unwieldy set of reasons,  Among  them: (1) The incorporation of chance, and of statistical reasoning, into  the sciences has involved some fundamental intellectual  changes, perhaps even  a kind of scientific revolution.  (2) As a social technology, statistics is a form of information that  is  also an important medium  of power.  (3) Statistics joins  the  human  sciences to the  physical and natural  ones. More  than  that,  it has  come  to involve  in  a particularly  striking way an ideal and an ethic  of objectivity,  meaning,  among other things, control of the  subjective. (4) Statistics has  become an indispensable language of public discussion, with immense credibility even  if it is also sometimes condemned. The  history of statistical graphics  and the rise of statistical thinking are  intertwined with each  other throughout the 19th century. Over this time, social, behavioral, medical, and economic statistics began to be gathered in large and  periodic series, and  the  usefulness of these bodies of data for planning, for governmental response, and as a subject worth of study in  tis own right, began to be recognized, Graphical  methods were in widespread  use in  the second  half of 19th century. The brith of statistical thinking was also accompanied by a rise in visual thinking: a desire to make  these numbers -  their trends, tendencies, and distributions - more easily communicated or accessible to visual inspection. This paper  brings together  topics representing notable landmarks in historical developments  in  statistical  graphics. William playfair  invented  the  pie chart  in 1801.  In  the  following  two centuries, this serviceable and Likeable little graph  has found many uses and users. Ever since John  Tukey's graphical representation has drawn interest as a form of visulaization  and  a means  of communication,  and  these roles  are important  enough,  But its  significance  extends still  further.

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract