Authors
1 Professor of Public administration, Department of management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran, Qazvin
2 Associate professor of Public administration, Department of management, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran, Tehran
3 Ph.D. Student in public administration, Department of management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran Qazvin
Abstract
The Present study has examined the effects of cognitive emotion regulation on job satisfaction of employees. In this survey, the questionnaires were distributed among sample of staff employees of the Islamic Republic of Iran Customs Administration. In order to assess construct validity and reducing measurement error, multidimensional item- response theory was applied. The result revealed that most items showed good discriminative power. Some items were removed according to low factor score. Nevertheless, according to exploratory factor analysis and identifying item parameters based on item-response theory, questionnaires had reported appropriate validity and reliability. In addition, some adjusted cognitive emotion regulation strategies include acceptance, positive reappraisal, planning and positive refocus caused increasing job satisfaction of employees but there is no relationship between put into perspective and job satisfaction. Moreover, unadjusted cognitive emotion regulation strategies (self-blame, other-blame and catastrophizing) reduce employees' job satisfaction.
Keywords
رابینز، استیفن، پی (1388). رفتار سازمانی.( ترجمه علی پارسائیان و سید محمداعرابی ).محل نشر: تهران ،دفتر پژوهشهای فرهنگی
همبلتون،رونالد.ک،سوامیناتان،اچ.راجرز،جین،اچ(1389). مبانی نظریه سئوال – پاسخ .(ترجمه محمد رضا فلسفی نژاد).محل نشر:تهران،انتشارات دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
Abdi.S,Taban.S,Ghaemian.A(2012),Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Validity and reliability of the Persian translation of the CERQ (36-item), Social and Behavioral Sciences ,vol32, 2 –7
Abraham, R. (1998). Emotional dissonance in organizations: antecedents, consequences, and moderators. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 124, 229-246.Albrecht, K., & Zemke, R. (1985). Service America! Doing business in the new economy.
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: the influence of identity. Academy ofManagement Review, 18, 88–115.
Ashforth.B.E &.kreiner.G.E (2002), Normalizing emotion organization:Making the extraordinary seem ordinary, Human resource management review,215-235
Ashkanasy, N. M., Hartel, C.E.J., & Zerbe, W. J. (Eds.). (2000). Emotions in the workplace: Research, theory, and practice. Westport, CT: QuorumBooks.
AZIRI, B. (2011). JOB SATISFACTION:A LITERATURE REVIEW. Management Research & Practice, 3(4).
Bakker.A.B&Oerlemans,W.G.M,(2010), Subjective well-being in organizations,(Eds), Handbook of Positive Organizational Scholarship,pp.1-31. Oxford University Press
Baker, F. B. (2001). The basics of item response theory. ERIC clearinghouse on assessment and evaluation.
Bal, P. M., Chiaburu, D. S., & Diaz, I. (2011). Does psychological contract breach decrease proactive behaviors? The moderating effect of emotion regulation. Group & Organization Management, 36(6), 722-758.
Bechara, A., Damasio, H., & Damasio, A. R. (2000). Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10(3), 295–307.
Bracket, M. R., Palomera, R., Mojsa-Kaja, J., Reyes, M. R., Salovey, P.( 2010) Emotion-regulation ability, burnout and Job satisfaction among British secondary – school teachers, psychology in the school, 47, 406-417.
Bowen, D. E., Siehl, C, & Schneider, B. (1989). A framework for analyzing customer service orientations in manufacturing. Academy of Management Review, 14, 75-95
Cakmak, A. F., & Cevik, E. I. (2010). Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Development of Turkish version of 18-item short form. African Journal of Business Management, 4(10), 2097-2102.
Chalmers, R. P. (2012). Mirt: a multidimensional item response theory package for the R environment. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(6), 1-29.
Cheung, F. Y. L., & Tang, C. S. K. (2009). Quality of work life as a mediator between emotional labor and work family interference. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(3), 245-255.
Cicchett, D., Ackerman, B. P., & Izard, C. E. (1995), emotion and emotion regulation in developmental psychopathology. Development and psychopathology, 7, 1-10
Cote.S.,Morgane.M.L,(2002), A longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intentions to quit, Journal of Organizational Behavior, vol 23, 947–962
Danna, K., & Griffin, R. W. (1999). Health and well-being in the workplace: A review and synthesis of the literature. Journal of management, 25(3), 357-384.
Davis, K. and Nestrom, J.W. (1985). Human Behavior at work: Organizational Behavior, 7 edition,McGraw Hill, New York, p.109
DeMars, C. (2010). Item response theory. Oxford University Press.
Fields, D. L. (2002). Taking the measure of work: A guide to validated scales for organizational research and diagnosis. Sage
Garnefski, N., Baan, N., & Kraaij, V. (2005). Psychological distress and cognitive emotion regulation strategies among farmers who feel victim to the foot-and-mouth crisis. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1317–1327
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation, and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311–1327
Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
Grendy.A.A(2000).Emotion regulation in the workplace:a new way to conceptualize emotional labor,Jornal of Occupational Health Psychology,vol5,no.1,95-110
Griffin, R., & Moorhead, G. (2011). Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning.
Gross, J. J. (1998b), the emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2, 271–299
Gross,J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 3-24). New York: Guilford Press.
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Keyes, C. L. (2003). Well-being in the workplace and its relationship to business outcomes: A review of the Gallup studies. Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived, 2, 205-224.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley: University of California Press.Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin
Hoppock, R. (1935). Job Satisfaction, Harper and Brothers, New York, p. 47
Isen, A. M. (2000). Positive affect and decision making. In Handbook of emotions (pp. 417–435). New York: Guilford Press.
Ismail, S. Y., Timmerman, L., Timman, R., Luchtenburg, A. E., Smak Gregoor, P. J., Nette, R. W., ... & Busschbach, J. J. (2013). A psychometric analysis of the Rotterdam Renal Replacement Knowledge‐Test (R3K‐T) using item response theory. Transplant International, 26(12), 1164-1172.
Jermann, F., Van der Linden, M., d'Acremont, M., & Zermatten, A. (2006). Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ): Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the French translation. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 126.
Kaliski, B.S. (2007). Encyclopedia of Business and Finance, Second edition, Thompson Gale, Detroit, p. 446
Leinder, R. (1993). Fast food, fast talk: Service work and the routinization of everyday life. Berkeley: University of California
Levine.L. E,(2009), Emotion and power (as social influence): Their impact on organizational citizenship and counterproductive individual and organizational behavior, Human resource management review,4-17
Lewig, K. A., & Dollard, M. F. (2003). Emotional dissonance, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction in call centre workers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12, 366–392.
Lewis, M., Haviland-Jones, J. M., & Barrett, L. F. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of emotions. Guilford Press
Loch, N., Hiller, W., & Witthoeft, M. (2011). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Psychometric evaluation of a German adaptation. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE, 40(2), 94-106.
Martin, S. E. (1999). Police force or police service? Gender and emotional labor. In R. J.Steinberg, & D. M. Figart (Eds.), Emotional labor in service economy (pp. 111-126). The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561.
Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(7), 1249-1260.
Mayer, J. D, Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence In P. Salovey & D. J. Sluyter (Eds). Emotional Development and emotional intelligence, New York: Basic Books
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied and preventive psychology, 4(3), 197-208.
Moorman, R. H. (1993). The influence of cognitive and affective based job satisfaction measures on the relationship between satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Human relations, 46(6), 759-776.
Ortony, A., Clore, G., Collins, A.( 1988) the cognitive structure of emotion, Cambridge, Cambrige university press
Paules, G. F. (1991). Dishing it out: Power and resistance among waitresses in a NewJersey restaurant. Philadelphia : Temple University Press
Perţe, A., & Miclea, M. (2011). The standardization of the Cognitive Emotional regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) on Romanian population. Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 15(1), 111-130.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual review of psychology, 63, 539-569.
Pugliesi, K. (1999). The consequences of emotional labor: Effects on work stress, job satisfaction, and well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 23, 125-154
Robbins, S. P. (2001). Organizational Behavior, 14/e. Pearson Education India.
Rafaeli, A., and Sutton, R. I. (1989), The Expression of Emotion in Organizational Life”, Research inOrganizational Behavior, Vol.11, p.p.1-42
Richards, D. A., & Hackett, R. D. (2012). Attachment and emotion regulation: Compensatory interactions and leader–member exchange. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(4), 686-701
Shields, J. (2007). Managing employee performance and reward. Port Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press.
Spector, P. E. (1997). Job satisfaction: Application, assessment, cause, and consequences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Spence, R., Owens, M., & Goodyer, I. (2012). Item response theory and validity of the NEO-FFI in adolescents. Personality and individual differences, 53(6), 801-807.
Thompson, E. R., & Phua, F. T. (2012). A brief index of affective job satisfaction. Group & Organization Management, 37(3), 275-307.
Thompson, R. A. (1991), Emotional regulation and emotional development, Educational psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
Vroom, V.H. (1964). Work and motivation, John Wiley and Sons, New York, p.99
Zhu, X., Auerbach, R. P., Yao, S., Abela, J. R., Xiao, J., & Tong, X. (2008). Psychometric properties of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Chinese version. Cognition & Emotion, 22(2), 288-307.
Zhu. J, Thagard. P. (2002). Emotion and action, Philosophical. Psychology, 15, 19-36
)