Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran

Abstract

The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of perceived socially responsible human resource management on employee job performance, with an emphasis on the mediating role of servant leadership. The statistical population of the present study was the employees and managers of the Bushehr Province Gas Company, with about 400 people. The statistical sample of the research was estimated to be 196 people using Cochran's formula, and 204 people were selected for more generalization of the research findings. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The validity of the research tool was measured by the content and structure method. The reliability of the research tool was also measured using Cronbach's alpha method, which was calculated as 95%. The findings of the study indicate that perceived socially responsible human resource management has a positive and significant effect on job performance and servant leadership. Servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on job performance. Also, the positive and significant mediating role of servant leadership in the relationship between perceived socially responsible human resource management and job performance was confirmed.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Abdelmotaleb, M., & Saha, S. K. (2020). Socially responsible human resources management, perceived organizational morality, and employee well-being. Public Organization Review, 20(2), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-019-00447-3.
  2. Barrena-Martínez, J., López-Fernández, M., & Romero-Fernández, P. M. (2017). Socially responsible human resource policies and practices: Academic and professional validation. European research on management and business economics, 23(1), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2016.05.001
  3. Barrena‐Martinez, J., López‐Fernández, M., & Romero‐Fernández, P. M. (2019). The link between socially responsible human resource management and intellectual capital. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1658
  4. Blanco‐Gonzalez, A., Diéz‐Martín, F., Cachón‐Rodríguez, G., & Prado‐Román, C. (2020). Contribution of social responsibility to the work involvement of employees. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(6), 2588-2598. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1978
  5. Celma, D., Martinez-Garcia, E., & Raya, J. M. (2018). Socially responsible HR practices and their effects on employees’ wellbeing: Empirical evidence from Catalonia, Spain. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(2), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2017.12.001
  6. Chon, K. K. S., & Zoltan, J. (2019). Role of servant leadership in contemporary hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(8), 3371-3394. http://hdl.handle.net/10397/104738
  7. Del-Castillo-Feito, C., Blanco-González, A., & Hernández-Perlines, F. (2022). The impacts of socially responsible human resources management on organizational legitimacy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121274
  8. Del-Castillo-Feito, C., Blanco-González, A., & González-Vázquez, E. (2019). The relationship between image and reputation in the Spanish public university. European research on management and business economics, 25(2), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2019.01.001
  9. Dmytriyev, S. D., Freeman, R. E., & Hörisch, J. (2021). The relationship between stakeholder theory and corporate social responsibility: Differences, similarities, and implications for social issues in management. Journal of Management Studies, 58(6), 1441-1470. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12684
  10. Dokko, G., & Jiang, W. Y. (2024). From boundaryless to boundary-crossing: Toward a friction-based model of career transitions and job performance. Research in Organizational Behavior, 100205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2024.100205
  11. Eliyana, A., & Sridadi, A. (2020). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction toward job performance: The mediation role of workplace deviant behavior and workplace passion. Management Science Letters, 10(11), 2507-2520. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.3.044
  12. Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., Van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The leadership quarterly, 30(1), 111-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
  13. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge university press.  https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139192675
  14. Gašková, J. (2020). Servant leadership and its relation to work performance. Central European Business Review, 9(3), 24-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.236
  15. Greenleaf, R. K. (2002). Servant leadership: A journey into the nature of legitimate power and greatness. Paulist press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-00935-000
  16. Gutierrez-Broncano, S., Linuesa-Langreo, J., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Yánez-Araque, B. (2024). General manager servant leadership and firm adaptive capacity: The heterogeneous effect of social capital in family versus non-family firms. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 118, 103690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103690
  17. Huo, M. L., & Jiang, Z. (2023). Work–life conflict and job performance: The mediating role of employee wellbeing and the moderating role of trait extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 205, 112109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112109
  18. Jia, X., Liao, S., Van der Heijden, B. I., & Guo, Z. (2019). The effect of socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) on frontline employees’ knowledge sharing. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(9), 3646-3663. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2018-0769
  19. Johari, J., Shamsudin, F. M., Zainun, N. F. H., Yean, T. F., & Yahya, K. K. (2022). Institutional leadership competencies and job performance: the moderating role of proactive personality. International Journal of Educational Management, 36(6), 1027-1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2021-0280
  20. Khattak, M. N., & O'Connor, P. (2021). The interplay between servant leadership and organizational politics. Personnel Review, 50(3), 985-1002. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2020-0131
  21. Kloutsiniotis, P. V., & Mihail, D. M. (2020). The effects of high-performance work systems in employees’ service-oriented OCB. International Journal of Hospitality Management90, 102610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102610
  22. Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., De Vet, H. C., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2014). Construct validity of the individual work performance questionnaire. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 56(3), 331-337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000113
  23. Kundu, S. C., & Gahlawat, N. (2015). Socially responsible HR practices and employees’ intention to quit: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Human Resource Development International, 18(4), 387-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2015.1056500
  24. Kyambade, M., Mugambwa, J., Nkurunziza, G., Namuddu, R., & Namatovu, A. (2024). Servant leadership style and socially responsible leadership in university context: moderation of promoting sense of community. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(3), 660-678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-12-2023-0629
  25. Laosebikan, J. O., Odepidan, M. A., Adetunji, A. V., & Aderinto, C. O. (2018). Impact of job satisfaction on employee’s performance in selected microfinance banks in Osogbo Metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research, 4(8), 22-46. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJSSMR/VOL.%25204%2520NO.%25208%25202018/IMPACT%2520OF%2520JOB.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwip9sTKibKNAxXlBNsEHVU8CZkQFnoECBUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2Jyuzlcyoa-FAF-ZvlHKxo
  26. Lee, C. C., Yeh, W. C., Yu, Z., & Lin, X. C. (2023). The relationships between leader emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership and job performance: A mediator model of trust. Heliyon, 9(8). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18007
  27. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. The leadership quarterly, 19(2), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006
  28. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Liao, C., & Meuser, J. D. (2014). Servant leadership and serving culture: Influence on individual and unit performance. Academy of management journal, 57(5), 1434-1452. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.0034
  29. Linuesa-Langreo, J., Ruiz-Palomino, P., & Elche-Hortelano, D. (2018). Integrating servant leadership into managerial strategy to build group social capital: The mediating role of group citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(4), 899-916. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45022776
  30. Liu, W., Li, X., & Guo, X. (2024). How and when socially responsible human resource management affects employee voluntary green behavior—evidence from the healthcare sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 451, 142044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142044
  31. Luu, T. T. (2021). Socially responsible human resource practices and hospitality employee outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(3), 757-789. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2020-0164
  32. Manzoor, F., Wei, L., Bányai, T., Nurunnabi, M., & Subhan, Q. A. (2019). An examination of sustainable HRM practices on job performance: An application of training as a moderator. Sustainability, 11(8), 2263. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11082263
  33. Marescaux, E., De Winne, S., & Forrier, A. (2019). Developmental HRM, employee well‐being and performance: The moderating role of developing leadership. European Management Review, 16(2), 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12168
  34. Mistry, T. G., Cain, L., Dogan, S., & Songur, A. G. (2025). Should I stay or should I go?: The impact of socially responsible human resources management practices on hospitality employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 124, 103962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103962
  35. Newman, A., Schwarz, G., Cooper, B., & Sendjaya, S. (2017). How servant leadership influences organizational citizenship behavior: The roles of LMX, empowerment, and proactive personality. Journal of business ethics, 145, 49-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2827-6
  36. Nong, N. M. T., Phuong, N. Q., & Duc-Son, H. (2024). The effect of employee competence and competence–job–fit on business performance through moderating role of social exchange: A study in logistics firms. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 40(4), 187-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2024.10.001
  37. Pandey, J. (2018). Factors affecting job performance: an integrative review of literature. Management Research Review, 42(2), 263-289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0051
  38. Pham, N. T., Thanh, T. V., Tučková, Z., & Thuy, V. T. N. (2020). The role of green human resource management in driving hotel’s environmental performance: Interaction and mediation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102392
  39. Pham, N. T., Tuan, T. H., Le, T. D., Nguyen, P. N. D., Usman, M., & Ferreira, G. T. C. (2023). Socially responsible human resources management and employee retention: The roles of shared value, relationship satisfaction, and servant leadership. Journal of Cleaner Production, 414, 137704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137704
  40. Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2022). Environmental strategies and human resource development consistency: Research in the manufacturing industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 330, 129538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129538
  41. Quan, J., & van Dierendonck, D. (2025). A blessing and a curse: The influence of showing servant leadership behaviors on leader work engagement. Journal of Business Research, 186, 115051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115051
  42. Ramos-González, M. D. M., Rubio-Andrés, M., & Sastre-Castillo, M. Á. (2022). Effects of socially responsible human resource management (SR-HRM) on innovation and reputation in entrepreneurial SMEs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 18(3), 1205-1233. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11365-020-00720-8
  43. Rashid, A. M. M., & Ilkhanizadeh, S. (2022). The effect of servant leadership on job outcomes: the mediating role of Trust in Coworkers. Frontiers in Communication, 7, 928066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.928066
  44. Ren, L., & Shen, H. (2024). The relationship between servant leadership and team innovation performance: Mediating effect of self-efficacy. Heliyon, 10(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.928066
  45. Ren, S., Wang, Z., & Collins, N. T. (2021). The joint impact of servant leadership and team-based HRM practices on team expediency: the mediating role of team reflexivity. Personnel Review, 50(7/8), 1757-1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PR-07-2020-0506
  46. Sendjaya, S., Sarros, J. C., & Santora, J. C. (2008). Defining and measuring servant leadership behaviour in organizations. Journal of Management studies, 45(2), 402-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00761.x
  47. Shao, D. F., Gurung, G., & Tsymbal, E. Y. (2019, September). New material platforms for antiferromagnetic spintronics (Conference Presentation). In Spintronics XII (Vol. 11090, p. 1109002). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528350
  48. Shen, J., & Benson, J. (2016). When CSR is a social norm: How socially responsible human resource management affects employee work behavior. Journal of management, 42(6), 1723-1746. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314522300
  49. Shen, J., & Zhu, J.C. (2011). Effects of socially responsible human resource management on employee organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(15), 3020-3035. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.599951
  50. Spears, L. (1996). Reflections on Robert K. Greenleaf and servant‐leadership. Leadership & organization development journal, 17(7), 33-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437739610148367
  51. Uraon, R. S., & Gupta, M. (2020). Do HRD practices affect perceived market performance through operational performance? Evidence from software industry. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 69(1), 85-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2018-0207
  52. Urrila, L., & Eva, N. (2024). Developing oneself to serve others? Servant leadership practices of mindfulness-trained leaders. Journal of Business Research, 183, 114858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114858
  53. Usman, M., Ogbonnaya, C., Roodbari, H., Yusuf, R., & Hirekhan, M. (2024). Servant Leadership as a Catalyst for Middle Managers’ Learning Ambidexterity: A Resource‐Based Perspective. British journal of management, 35(3), 1336-1347. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12761
  54. Van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of management, 37(4), 1228-1261. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/0149206310380462
  55. Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2000). Perspectives on models of job performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(4), 216-226. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/1468-2389.00151
  56. Vu, T. V. (2022). Perceived socially responsible HRM, employee organizational identification, and job performance: the moderating effect of perceived organizational response to a global crisis. Heliyon, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11563
  57. Vu, T. V., Vo‐Thanh, T., Chi, H., Nguyen, N. P., Nguyen, D. V., & Zaman, M. (2022). The role of perceived workplace safety practices and mindfulness in maintaining calm in employees during times of crisis. Human Resource Management, 61(3), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22101
  58. Xia, C., Xu, J., Cheng, J., & Hou, Y. (2024). The impact of information overload on the information avoidance of medical staff: The moderating and mediating roles of job performance and time pressure. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 16, 100474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100474
  59. Yaya, J. A. (2019). Job satisfaction among librarians in Nigerian public universities. Journal of Library Services and Technologies, 1(1), 73-92.https://www.credencepublishing.com/?val=publication_details&manuscript=201915589465449473560481
  60. Zhang, Z., Wang, J., & Jia, M. (2022). Multilevel examination of how and when socially responsible human resource management improves the well-being of employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 176(1), 55-71. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10551-020-04700-4
  61. Zhao, H., Chen, Y., & Liu, W. (2023). Socially responsible human resource management and employee moral voice: Based on the self-determination theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 183(3), 929-946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05082-5
  62. Zhou, Q., & Zheng, X. (2024). Socially responsible human resource management and employee green behavior at work: the role of learning goal orientation and moral identity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(1), 1-35. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1080/09585192.2023.2192358
  63. Zhao, H., & Zhou, Q. (2021). Socially responsible human resource management and hotel employee organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: A social cognitive perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102749
  64. Alizadeh, M., Koushkie Jahromi, A. & Fouladi, B. (2022). Impact of Job Resources and Cultural Intelligence on Task Performance of Employees: Mediator Variables Provide Basic Job Needs and Work Engagement. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 31(105), 137-165. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2022.62565.4001 [In Persian]
  65. Asgarnezhad Nouri., B. & Mir Mousavi, M. (2021). A Meta-Analysis of Human Resource Management Key Indicators Affecting Employees Performance Improvement. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 30(101), 125-160. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2021.49482.3522[In Persian]
  66. Hamzavi, H., Rezaee Manesh, B. & Rudsaz, H. (2023). The Effect of Servant and Ethical Leadership Styles on Employees Creativity. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 32(110), 35-72. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2023.73995.4325[In Persian]
  67. Hatami, Sakineh; Seyed Naqvi, Mirali; Alvani, Seyed Mehdi; Hosseinpour, Davud. (2019). Social Responsibilities of Human Resource Management: A Meta-Synthesis Approach. Public Administration Perspective, 10(3), 44-68. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.48308/jpap.2019.96594[In Persian]