Organizational Behavior
Mahdi Alizadeh; Masoud Shariati; Parviz Noroozirad
Abstract
Organizational democracy situation in which the organization gives its employees the opportunity to participate in the organization's management and provides the conditions for participation in organizational decisions. Considering the diversity of the concept of organizational democracy, this research ...
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Organizational democracy situation in which the organization gives its employees the opportunity to participate in the organization's management and provides the conditions for participation in organizational decisions. Considering the diversity of the concept of organizational democracy, this research seeks to understand and interpret this phenomenon with a phenomenography approach. The data collection method is field and interview tool is used. The community of participants of the research was the employees of the Social Security Organization, which was sampled by the maximum diversity method and 32 employee were interviewed. Based on the analysis of the research findings, it was determined that there are eight methods of experiencing democracy in the organizational environment, which include: Thriving, realization of public will, power to change the process, rule of law, professional ethics, employee empowerment, collaborative decision-making and responding to clients. Based on research findings, descriptive classes in five levels of personal development (Thriving and empowerment), process-oriented (participatory decision-making and the power to change the process), culture-oriented (rule of law and professional ethics), organizational management (realization of public will) And society-oriented (answering to clients), which is a sign of the existence of structural and hierarchical differences in addition to their semantic differences.
Hassan Danaee Fard; Seyed Hosein Kazemi
Volume 20, Issue 61 , April 2010, , Pages 121-147
Abstract
Phenomenography is a qualitative research method that is situated within interpretative paradigm. It was developed in Gothenburg University, Sweden, in 1970s and its objective is to achieve a deepunderstanding of various perceptions of a phenomenon by differentpeople. Fundamentals of this method ...
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Phenomenography is a qualitative research method that is situated within interpretative paradigm. It was developed in Gothenburg University, Sweden, in 1970s and its objective is to achieve a deepunderstanding of various perceptions of a phenomenon by differentpeople. Fundamentals of this method are based on the issue thatdifferent individuals can have different perceptions or experiencesfrom a single phenomenon. Phenomenography attains and categorizesthese experiences, benefitting from individual interviews as datagathering instrument. The results of a phenomenography research aresome limited descriptive categories so that each of these categories represents a separate concept of a certain phenomenon perceived by a certain group of individuals. In addition, for presenting general andmultiple concepts of a phenomenon, phenomenographers relate thesedescriptive categories within a larger framework which is called “outcome space”. Hence, the results of phenomenography studies are useful in deep understanding of the concept of a phenomenon, from acertain group’s perspective